HIC-CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019(COVID-19)

"CORONA VIRUS"

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. 

Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people.  Detailed investigations found that SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to humans and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans. Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans.

Common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death.

Standard recommendations to prevent infection spread include regular hand washing, covering mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, thoroughly cooking meat and eggs. Avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing and sneezing.

CONTROL PREVENTION

Measures for protecting workers from exposure to, and infection with, the novel coronavirus, COVID-19 depend on the type of work being performed and exposure risk, including potential for interaction with infectious people and contamination of the work environment. Employers should adapt infection control strategies based on a thorough hazard assessment, using appropriate combinations of engineering and administrative controls, safe work practices, and personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent worker exposures. Some OSHA standards that apply to preventing occupational exposure to COVID-19 also require employers to train workers on elements of infection prevention, including PPE.

OSHA has developed this interim guidance to help prevent worker exposure to COVID-19.

U.S. Department of Defense

Regardless of specific exposure risks, following good hand hygiene practices can help workers stay healthy year round.

General guidance for all U.S. workers and employers

For all workers, regardless of specific exposure risks, it is always a good practice to:

• Frequently wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. When soap and running water are unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand rub with at least 60% alcohol. Always wash hands that are visibly soiled.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
• Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

Identify and Isolate Suspected Cases

In all workplaces where exposure to the COVID-19 may occur, prompt identification and isolation of potentially infectious individuals is a critical first step in protecting workers, visitors, and others at the worksite.

• Immediately isolate people suspected of having COVID-19. For example, move potentially infectious people to isolation rooms and close the doors. On an aircraft, move potentially infectious people to seats away from passengers and crew, if possible and without compromising aviation safety. In other worksites, move potentially infectious people to a location away from workers, customers, and other visitors.
• Take steps to limit spread of the person’s infectious respiratory secretions, including by providing them a facemask and asking them to wear it, if they can tolerate doing so. Note: A surgical mask on a patient or other sick person should not be confused with PPE for a worker; the mask acts to contain potentially infectious respiratory secretions at the source (i.e., the person’s nose and mouth).
• If possible, isolate people suspected of having COVID-19 separately from those with confirmed cases of the virus to prevent further transmission, including in screening, triage, or healthcare facilities.
• Restrict the number of personnel entering isolation areas, including the room of a patient with suspected/confirmed COVID-19.
• Protect workers in close contact* with the sick person by using additional engineering and administrative control, safe work practices and PPE.
  *CDC defines "close contact" as being about six (6) feet (approximately two (2) meters) from an infected person or within the room or care area of an infected patient for a prolonged period while not wearing recommended PPE. Close contact also includes instances where there is direct contact with infectious secretions while not wearing recommended PPE. Close contact generally does not include brief interactions, such as walking past a person.

SYMPTOMS MAY APPEAR 2-14 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE. IF YOU HAVE BEEN IN CHINA WITHIN THE PAST 2 WEEKS AND DEVELOP SYMPTOMS CALL YOUR DOCTOR OR SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION




THE WHISTLE BLOWER OF CORONA VIRUS.

On February 7 2020  Li Wenliang the corona virus whistle blower who called by the people a hero dies because of the disease in Wuhan Hospital. He is the first Chinese who tried to issue the first warning about the deadly coronavirus outbreak he contracted the virus while working at Wuhan hospital, He has sent warning to his fellow medics on 30 December but police told him to "stop making false comments" he sent message in fellow doctors warning them  to wear protective clothing to avoid infection and four days later he was summoned where he was accused of making false comments that had been created panic among people specially in social media. 

In his Weibo post (Chinese microblogging website) he describe how he started coughing and the next day he experience fever and 2 days later he was on hospital he was diagnosed with the coronavirus in january 30 2020

After the death of the Chinese doctor a wave of anger and grief was flooded in Chinese social media website people demand that Wuhan government owes Dr Li Wenliang an apology and they demand a freedom of speech.

The death of the Chinese doctor was a heart breaking moment by remembering how a person sacrifice his life for his country it was a lesson about the importance of freedom of speech.

A day-by-day breakdown of coronavirus symptoms shows how the disease, COVID-19, goes from bad to worse

It starts with a fever. That's the most common symptom among patients who get the new coronavirus that has swept across China.

A recent study of nearly 140 patients at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University identified a typical pattern of symptoms associated with the virus, which causes a disease known as COVID-19. Around 99% of the patients developed a high temperature, while more than half experienced fatigue and a dry cough. About a third also experienced muscle pain and difficulty breathing. 

Research from the Chinese Center for Disease Control suggests that around 80% of coronavirus cases are mild. Around 15% of patients have gotten severe cases, and 5% have become critically ill.

Here's how symptoms progress among typical patients:

• Day 1: Patients run a fever. They may also experience fatigue, muscle pain, and a dry cough. A small minority of them may have had diarrhea or nausea one to two days before.
• Day 5: Patients may have difficulty breathing — especially if they are older or have a preexisting health condition.
• Day 7: This is how long it takes, on average, before patients are admitted to a hospital, according to the Wuhan University study. 
• Day 8: At this point, patients with severe cases (15%, according to the Chinese CDC) develop acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS), an illness that occurs when fluid builds up the lungs. ARDS is often fatal. 
• Day 10: If patients have worsening symptoms, this is the time in the disease's progression when they're most likely to be admitted to the ICU. These patients probably have more abdominal pain and appetite loss than patients with milder cases. Only a small fraction die: The current fatality rate hovers around 2%. 
• Day 17: On average, people who recover from the virus are discharged from the hospital after two-and-a-half weeks. 

However, the first symptoms might not come right after a person has been infected. Lauren Ancel Meyers, an epidemiologist at the University of Texas at Austin, told Business Insider that a typical patient may be infected without showing symptoms for five or more days.                     

Once symptoms do appear, they can be similar to pneumonia. But Paras Lakhani, a radiologist at Thomas Jefferson University, told Business Insider that the way COVID-19 can worsen over time distinguishes it from pneumonia.

"Pneumonia usually doesn't rapidly progress," Lakhani said. "Typically, most hospitals will treat with antibiotics and patients will stabilize and then start to get better."

Coronavirus patients, however, can get worse even after they receive treatment such as fluids or steroids. One case study found that three days after a 33-year-old woman started receiving treatment at a hospital in Lanzhou, her case was more pronounced than when she arrived. 

In total, the new coronavirus has killed more than 2,200 people and infected more than 76,000. It originated in Wuhan, central China's most populous city, and has since spread to 29 other countries. The majority of cases are still located on the Chinese mainland. 

TIMELINE 

On December 31 2019 china alerted WHO to several cases of unusual pneumonia in Wuhan china a port city of 11 million people in the central Hubei province.The Virus was unknown

Several of those infected worked at the city's Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which was shut down on January 1 2020

On January 05 2020 Chinese official ruled out the possibility that this was a recurrence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) virus an illness that was originated in china and killed more than 770 people worldwide in 2002-2003

On January 7, officials announced they had identified a new virus, according to the WHO. The novel virus was named 2019-nCoV and was identified as belonging to the coronavirus family, which includes SARS and the common cold.

On January 11, China announced its first death from the virus, a 61-year-old man who had purchased goods from the seafood market. Treatment did not improve his symptoms after he was admitted to hospital 

On January 13, the WHO reported a case in Thailand, the first outside of China, in a woman who had arrived from Wuhan.

On January 16, Japan's health ministry reported a confirmed case in a man who had also visited Wuhan.

On January 17, as a second death was reported in Wuhan, health authorities in the US announced that three airports would start screening passengers arriving from the city.
Authorities in the US, Nepal, France, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam and Taiwan confirmed cases over the following days.

On January 20, China reported a third death and more than 200 infections, with cases also reported outside Hubei province including in the capital Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen.
Meanwhile, a Chinese expert on infectious diseases confirmed human-to-human transmission to state broadcaster CCTV, raising fears of a major outbreak as millions travelled for the Lunar New Year holiday.Asian countries ramped up measures to block the spread of the virus, introducing mandatory screenings at airports of all arrivals from high-risk areas of China.

On January 22, the death toll in China jumped to 17 with more than 550 infections. Many European airports stepped up checks on flights from Wuhan.
Wuhan was placed under effective quarantine on January 23 as air and rail departures were suspended.

The same measures were announced for two more cities in Hubei province: Xiantao and Chibi.
Beijing cancelled events for the Lunar New Year, starting on January 25, while officials reported the first death outside Hubei.

The WHO said later on January 23 that the outbreak did not yet constitute a public emergency of international concern and there was "no evidence" of the virus spreading between humans outside of China.

By January 24, the death toll in China stood at 26, with the government reporting more than 830 infections.
The number of cities under lockdown in Hubei rose to 13, affecting 41 million people.
Shanghai Disneyland shut down and other cities announced the closure of entertainment venues. Beijing said a section of the Great Wall and other famous landmarks would also be closed.

On January 25, travel restrictions were imposed on a further five cities in Hubei, taking the overall number of people affected to 56 million.
Hong Kong meanwhile declared a virus emergency, cancelled Lunar New Year celebrations and restricted links to mainland China.

On January 26, the death toll rose to 56, with almost 2,000 cases confirmed as travel restrictions were increased and Hong Kong closed its Disneyland and Ocean Park theme parks.
New cases were confirmed in the US, Taiwan, Thailand, Japan and South Korea.

As of January 27, the death toll in China rose to 106, with 100 in Hubei province, authorities reported. Another 4,515 people in China were reported to be infected. There were 2,714 confirmed cases in Hubei province, up from 1,423 the day before.

On January 30, the WHO declared coronavirus a global emergency as the death toll in China jumped to 170, with 7,711 cases reported in the country, where the virus had spread to all 31 provinces.
India and the Philippines confirmed their first cases of the virus, with one infected patient in each country.

On January 31, the number of confirmed cases in China jumped to 9,809. Russia, Spain, Sweden and the UK confirmed their first cases of the virus. 

On February 1, the death toll in China rose to 259, with 11,791 confirmed infections in the country, according to new figures released by the Chinese health authority.
New cases were confirmed in Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Singapore, the US, the UAE and Vietnam.

As of February 2, the first death outside of China, a Chinese man from Wuhan, was reported in the Philippines.
The death toll in China rose to 304, with 14,380 infections reported.

On February 3, China reported 57 new fatalities, bringing its death toll to at least 361. The number of cases rose to 17,205 across the country.

 
On February 4, China said the death toll rose to 425 people and the number of infected people stood at 20,438 in the mainland. Hong Kong also reported one death, bringing global fatalities to 427. The first case was confirmed in Belgium in a person who was repatriated from Wuhan. 

On February 5, more flights evacuating US citizens returned from Wuhan and the WHO reaffirmed there was "no known effective treatment" for the coronavirus.
Meanwhile, China reported 490 deaths and 24,324 cases of infection.

On February 6, the death toll in mainland China rose to at least 563, with more than 28,000 cases confirmed. 
Meanwhile, authorities in Malaysia reported the country's first known human-to-human transmission and the number of people infected in Europe reached 30.

On February 8, a US citizen died in Wuhan.A Japanese man in his 60s with a suspected coronavirus infection also died in hospital in Wuhan, Japan's foreign ministry said. The death toll in China reached 722, with 34,546 confirmed infections.

On February 9, the death toll in China surpassed that of the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic, with 811 deaths recorded and 37,198 infections.
An investigative team led by experts from the WHO departed for China.

As of February 10, China had 908 confirmed deaths and a total of 40,171 infections - 97 new fatalities were reported following the deadliest day of the outbreak.
President Xi Jinping appeared in public for the first time since the epidemic began, visiting a hospital in Beijing and urging confidence in the battle against the virus

.
On February 11, the WHO announced that the new coronavirus would be called "COVID-19".

Meanwhile, deaths in China reached 1,016, with 42,638 infections recorded.
As of February 12, there were 175 people infected on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, docked at Yokohama, the Japanese health ministry said.
The death toll in mainland China hit 1,113, with 44,653 infections recorded.

On February 13, North Korea imposed a month-long quarantine on all foreign visitors and others suspected to have COVID-19, the official Korean Central News Agency said.The death toll in mainland China hit 1,300, with nearly 60,000 infections recorded. Meanwhile, Japan confirmed its first death from the virus.

On February 14, Egypt became the first country in Africa to report a case and France reported Europe's first fatality from the virus.
China reported 121 more deaths, bringing to the total number across the mainland to nearly 1,400.

February 15 saw the death toll in mainland China surge past 1,500, with 66,492 infections confirmed in mainland China. 
Elsewhere, the United States prepared to evacuate its citizens from a cruise ship quarantined at a Japanese dock.

Meanwhile, a February 3 speech by Chinese President Xi Jinping, published by state media, indicated the government knew about the threat of the virus well before the public alarm was raised. 

On February 16, Taiwan recorded its first death due to the coronavirus, a taxi driver in his 60s.
Authorities reported that 1,665 people had died in mainland China with 68,500 cases of infection reported.

 
As of February 17, there were 1,770 deaths reported in mainland China and 70,548 cases.
Japan confirmed 99 new cases of the virus on board the quarantined Diamond Princess cruise ship.

February 18 saw China's daily infection figures drop below 2,000 for the first time since January, with the country's health commission reporting 72,436 infections on the mainland and 1,868 deaths.

Meanwhile, Russia said it would ban entry for Chinese citizens from February 20.

On February 19, Iran reported two deaths from the coronavirus, hours after confirming its first cases.
China's daily infection figures drop below 2,000 for the second straight day, with the country's health commission reporting 74,185 infections on the mainland and 2,004 deaths.

On February 20, South Korea reported its first death from the coronavirus.
Meanwhile, China reported the death toll had risen to 2,118 while the total number of cases reached 74,576. The country's health commission reported daily infections dropped to the lowest in almost a month, a result of authorities only counting cases confirmed by genetic testing in Hubei. 

On February 21, South Korea reported its second death and 100 new confirmed cases of the coronavirus, bringing the total to 204. In mainland China, the death toll reached 2,236 as the confirmed cases of the infection rise above 75,400.
Also, Israel reported its first confirmed case of the coronavirus after a woman who returned from a cruise ship tested positive.
In Italy, the region of Lombardy reported the first local transmission of the virus with three new cases bringing the total in the country to six infections.

On February 22, South Korea saw its largest spike in a single day with 229 new cases of the virus. In mainland China, the number of new infections fell significantly, with another 109 people dying of the disease. The new figures brought the total number of cases in the country to 76,288 with 2,345 deaths.
Italy reported its first two deaths, while Iran confirmed one more death among 10 new infections. 

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